Student Research Symposium

1

Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis: What Contributes to its Development 

Presenter: Tenley Buddenhagen  

Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Naglak 

Field of Study: Biology 

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects and damages the central nervous system (CNS). MS causes damage to the myelin surrounding nerve cells disrupting communication signals to the brain and the body leading to neurodegeneration, demyelination, and inflammation in the CNS. There are currently no cures for any autoimmune diseases and most, if not all, do not have a clear etiology. Understanding the factors leading to its cause could greatly influence our standards for prevention and treatment for MS and others. A strong potential factor includes a connection to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). EBV is a universally common herpesvirus that has been associated with the onset and development of MS. Recent studies have shown EBV influences MS development due to a history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), EBV infected B cells altering behavior and causing autoreactivity, and molecular mimicry mechanisms. Other factors include influences from various environmental factors and immunopathogenic mechanisms that also initiate the immune response. 

2

Brain-computer-interfaces: restoring motor function in individuals with paralysis 

Presenter: Rebecca Czarnecki  

Advisor: Dr. Michelle Solensky  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: Paralysis is the result of loss of voluntary motor movement, significantly impacting mobility, mental health, relationships, and daily living. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer potential therapeutic methods by translating neural activity into signals that facilitate motor function. Voluntary movement is controlled by the brain through a series of complex interactions between different central nervous system structures to coordinate muscle contraction. This process relies heavily on neural activity traveling through the nervous systems to execute intentional actions. BCIs have evolved from advancements in medical technology, specifically the electroencephalograms (EEGs). BCIs can be non-invasive, which are directly placed on the scalp to detect neural activity, or invasive, which are directly implanted on the brain for more precise signal detection and processing. This technology enables a direct communication link between the brain and an external device to produce voluntary movement from pre-existing neural activity. Current research provides potential for BCIs to be used as a therapeutic tool for treatment of various neurological conditions like individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), strokes, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and others which are impacted by paralysis. 

3

Genes Linked to Melanoma and the Therapeutic Innovations

Presenter: Nathalia Garcia  

Advisor: Dr. Bruce Jensen  

Field of study: Biology with minor in Chemistry  

Abstract: When it comes to melanoma it has been reported that there are specific genes associated with cancer. Knowing the genes linked with leading to melanoma can help with the therapeutic innovations to help those who have or are likely to get cancer. In a study, they focused acral melanoma and how significant CDK4 copy number variations are and the changes molecularly. With their observations, it was seen that there were specific mutations that are linked with the copy of number CDK4 found in acral melanoma. Being able to notice the increase helps aim for a treatment of acral melanoma. In another study they found that they use specific inhibitors to block the CDK4 pathway by downregulating itself. with the preclinical data it is showing that these inhibitors can help inhibit the growth of tumors. Within these two studies it displays that specific genes involved with melanoma can help with the innovations to treat melanoma. 

4

Effects of HIV and Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy 

Presenter: Ilycia Guerue  

Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Naglak  

Field Study: Biology  

Abstract: HIV is an ongoing infection that attacks the immune system. It attacks specialized cells in our bodies known as T-cells. This disrupts the body’s immune system, and it can no longer protect itself from bacteria, viruses, and other toxins like it once could. HIV poses a risk, especially to mothers and their newborns. There are not only health risks but also the risk of vertical transmission from infected mother to infant. A study was done to determine the risk of transmission when using an antiretroviral therapy drug known as zidovudine. What they found was that the risk of vertical transmission had dropped by two-thirds. Although we see positive results like this it is also important to recognize that HIV can cause issues indirectly as well. A study was done to measure infants’ percent survival based on the mother's cytomegalovirus viremia (CM) viral loads and the amount of C-reactive protein (CRP) within their system. CM and CRP are issues that increase based on HIV and when mothers show high amounts of either, the infant’s percent survival decreases. What these two studies show is that not only does there need to be treatment for HIV but also for the other risks that come with it, to ensure the healthiest and safest delivery possible for both the infant and the mother. 

5

The Connection between Mental Health Disorders, Stress, and the Gut-Brain-Microbiome Axis 

Presenter: Hannah Hagel  

Advisor: Dr. Michelle Solensky  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: Mental health disorders are very common in the United States with around 22.8% of adults experiencing mental illness in 2021. Most mental health disorders are treated with drugs or therapy, but there are other possible alternatives. Mental health disorders are not just developed because of the brain but they also can be affected by the gut microbes, which influence the brain by way of the gut-brain axis. Researchers have found that when microbes from a person who had depression are transplanted into a germ-free rat, that rat develops depression symptoms. The same study found that gut microbes influenced the levels of different neurotransmitters and cytokines found within the body that possibly led to the onset of depression. Not only is there a connection between mental health disorders and the gut brain axis but also stress plays a role. Stress causes changes in the microbes found within the gut by way of the HPA axis, which in turn, affects the microbes that makeup the gut. The microbe composition of the gut then has changes in signaling to the brain because different microbes produce different metabolites. Therefore the gut-brain axis, stress, and the onset of mental health disorders are all influencing one another.

6

The Effects of Climate Change on Emerging Diseases 

Presenter: Emmanuel Kpahn  

Advisor: Dr. Jessie Arneson  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: Climate change continues to be a prominent issue for the world that has unfortunately increased at an unprecedented rate over recent decades. Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, leading to increased temperatures and irregular rainfall. This phenomenon has considerable effects against the environment, but human health is also being affected. Climate change has also notoriously prompted the (re)emergence of infectious diseases. Increases in temperature and humidity provide favorable environments for diseases to survive and transmit more frequently. Arthropods are the main vectors for these diseases and are internally regulated by environmental conditions. Several studies have studied the relationship between cases of infectious diseases and the increase in temperatures globally. A link between the two could mean a struggle to combat diseases that have new advantages due to aid from a dying planet.   

7

Genetic and Environmental Effects of the CHD8 Autism Susceptibility Gene on Autism Spectrum Disorder 

Presenter: Philippe Lessard  

Advisor: Dr. Bruce Jensen  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder believed to be influenced by environmental factors and genetic alterations. The disorder has yet to have found a remedy due to the many different genes and mechanisms involved. The chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 8 (CHD8) gene is one of many genes suspected to be involved in ASD. A loss in function of CHD8 due to a truncation mutation has been researched as a mechanism leading to ASD. A study on rats with a mutation to CHD8 showed a change in morphology, a dysregulation of genes and biological pathways, and an overexcitement in synaptic signals. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins can also impact CHD8 leading to ASD. A study on Deltamethrin (DM), an agricultural and household insecticide, further influenced gene expression in mice with CHD8 mutations. Wild-type mice with no mutations were compared to mice with CHD8 mutations. Results showed an increased anxiety level, a dysregulation of biological pathways, and a dysregulation of cellular processes in mice with CHD8 mutations following DM exposure. These studies contribute to the evidence that CHD8 can alter normal body functions through genetic and environmental factors leading to ASD-related symptoms.  

8

Improving the Wheat Genome using Genomic Selection to Advance Agricultural Production 

Presenter: Katelyn Muchowski  

Advisor: Dr. Jessie Arneson  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: Global food security remains a pressing challenge due to climate change, resource limitations, and increasing population demands. Cereal crops, particularly wheat, are essential to global nutrition, making improvements in their yield and resilience critical. Genomic selection (GS) offers a transformative approach by using genome-wide markers to predict complex traits, allowing for more efficient and targeted crop improvement. For instance, researchers were able to use genome wide association studies (GWAS) to identify specific markers related to calcium storage in wheat plants; they were trying to improve a part of the genome in order to make the nutritional quality higher. Additionally, integrating GS with soil and crop science advances can enhance biodiversity, mitigating genetic erosion and improving long-term crop stability. GS plays an important role in wheat breeding because it has the potential to increase disease resistance, nutritional quality, and overall yield. By leveraging genomic technologies alongside sustainable agricultural practices, GS contributes to a more resilient and secure global food system.  

9

The Role of Germline Variants in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer 

Presenter: Jayda Neiles  

Advisor: Dr. Bruce Jensen  

Field of study: Biology  

Abstract: Colorectal cancer is a serious health condition that has seen an alarming increase in cases over the last few decades, particularly in early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). In 2020, colorectal was third in cancer diagnoses and the second-highest cause of cancer-related deaths. Germline mutations are estimated to be responsible for 30% of colorectal cases, though roughly 20% of heritable variants remain unknown. Germline variants discovered through genome-wide association studies have recently been discovered in DNA repair genes, HR pathway genes, and clinically actionable genes, accounting for 1.2% of missing heritability.  Environmental and lifestyle factors (diet, obesity, exercise) may also increase EOCRC risk. If an individual possesses a germline mutation that impairs DNA repair genes, environmentally induced DNA damage in the gut can increase EOCRC risk. Research has shown how modifiable lifestyle factors like higher central adiposity and greater alcohol consumption show significant positive associations with an increased risk of EOCRC. Central adiposity, which is excess accumulation of fat around the abdominal area and torso, correlates to a 1.2 to almost 1.5 times increase in early-onset risk, while higher educational attainment demonstrates a significant inverse association with EOCRC risk, suggesting lower risk with more years of schooling. 

10

Neonicotinoid Usage on Crops Effect Bees’ Reproductive Capabilities 

Presenter: Josiah Penn  

Advisor: Dr. Michelle Solensky  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: Pollination is an important factor in maintaining biodiversity levels in varying environments and maintaining crop production for human use. Bees are one of the largest pollinator groups, but there are many threats facing bee populations. One of the major threats that they are facing is the use of insecticides on crops. Neonicotinoids are some of the most common insecticides used, and the pollinators that consume the nectar of the sprayed plants often are negatively affected by it. A study analyzed neonicotinoid exposure in a parental generation and how it affects their offspring, as well as active exposure, and found that reproduction rates decrease in both cases (previous exposure and active exposure), as well as a decrease in nesting rate between no active exposure and active exposure, and a decrease in nesting probability between no active exposure and active exposure.  

11

Unfolding the Pathology of Prions 

Presenter: Jennifer Tallackson  

Advisor: Dr. Elizabeth Naglak  

Field of Study: Biology  

Abstract: The most traditional disease-causing agents that are recognized today are bacteria, viruses, and fungi. For the most part, these three classical examples are well understood and can be treated. Prions, however, are not. They are proteinaceous infectious particles, denoted as PrPSc, that accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS) and are the causative agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Microglia cells, one of the brain immune cells, can become activated and become proinflammatory. It is documented with many neurodegenerative diseases that microglia activation is a key contributor to neuroinflammation. A study was conducted to see if the response of microglia cells depended on the terminal carbohydrate groups of PrPSc. They saw that PrPSc can directly trigger an inflammatory response in microglia and the degree of response depends on the sialylation status of PrPSc. Another study was done to observe how microglia cells interacted with PrPSc and neurons. Microglia cells envelop neurons causing neurons to be damaged and suggest that prion diseases may progress faster with more microglial-neuron interactions. These two studies demonstrate that neuroinflammation is a part of TSE pathology.   

12

Environmental Stress and Disease: Impacts on Frog Populations and Immune Function  

Presenter: Skylar Thorpe 

Advisor: Dr. Michelle Solensky 

Field of Study: Biology 

Abstract: Frogs are important organisms that can indicate ecosystem conditions, yet many species are declining due to environmental stressors and infectious disease. The main pathogen called Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), affects the skin and immune responses, contributing to widespread frog mortality. This study reviews how Bd infection, combined with environmental factors such as low sodium levels, UV radiation, and rising temperatures, affects frog immune function and reproductive success. By researching frogs’ immune responses, we can identify patterns in host susceptibility and physiological changes. Understanding the physiology and the physiological response to stress can allow for the prevention of environmental stressors that are altering frogs’ susceptibility to Bd. 

13

Toxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles  

Presenter: Aaron Huff  

Advisor: Dr. Anthony Amaro  

Field of Study: Biochemistry; Nanotoxicology  

Nanotechnology is an important breakthrough in recent scientific research which has revolutionized many areas of industry. One such area is medicinal drug delivery that help drugs reach specific cells or tissues more efficiently through the usage of nanoparticles (NPs.) As much good as nanoparticles may bring, new studies have pointed to some harmful effects nanoparticles may have on the body and environment. The poster details the potential toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles.  Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in various industries, including cosmetics, food, and medicine, due to their unique physiochemical properties. However, growing evidence suggests that these nanoparticles may pose significant health risks. Their small size allows for increased reactivity and potential bioavailability, leading to concerns about oxidative stress, inflammation, and cytotoxicity upon exposure.  Recent studies indicate that TiO2 NPs can penetrate biological barriers, accumulate in organs, and induce DNA damage, raising concerns about their long-term effects. Interestingly enough, the European Union banned the use of titanium dioxide as a food additive in August of 2022, but continues to be used in the US and other countries. Despite their extensive use, regulatory guidelines regarding their safety remain limited, making further research necessary to fully assess their risks. This study attempts to explore the mechanisms of TiO2 NPs toxicity and implications for human health.   

14

New Methods of Recycling Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries 

Presenter: Dawson Mee  

Advisor: Dr. Anthony Amaro  

Field of Study: Chemistry 

Abstract: In our time this day and age, we are constantly searching for new methods of renewable energy and reducing waste. Batteries are no different, for they are one of the most discussed topics about rechargeable energy in both the scientific community and the energy industry. While there are different kinds of rechargeable batteries, there is one type called lithium iron phosphate (LFP). In this poster, the topic is about two new methods of recycling LFP batteries. They have taken the interest in many parts of the world, mainly for its use in electric vehicles and rechargeable batteries.  LFP is a special battery compound to research and use because of both its efficient crystal structure and the cheap resources used to make them. For this material, research is being done to make these batteries safer and have better energy density. While we spend our resources on these rechargeable batteries, there is still the question of “what do we do about these expired LFP batteries?” The main method of dealing with the expired batteries is to recycle them. The first method uses relithiation electrochemistry to restore the original crystal structure of LFP. The second method is turning spent-LFP into zeolites to absorb heavy-metals from water. In other words, these methods help combat scarcity of lithium metal and prevent environmental damage in our world.  

15

Big Data and Data Analytics in Professional Sports 

Presenter: Owen Hektner   

Advisor: Zia Muhammad  

Field of Study: Computer Science   

Abstract: Big data and data analytics have revolutionized the sports industry by enhancing performance evaluation, optimizing game strategies, and ultimately, increasing the chances of winning. This research explores the role of big data in sports, focusing on methods for assessing and measuring team and player performance by using data-driven insights. New methods and technologies have made it easier than ever for analysts to glean as much information as they can from raw data. Looking at how this data is collected, as well as how it is cleaned and made to be useful to all members of a sports organization is central to this research. As more professional sports teams embrace data analytics as an integral part of success, the harder it is to be successful as a team or organization that is lacking in that area. By examining case studies on professional sports teams, this research will aim to determine the quantifiable impact of data analytics on team and player success. Additionally, it will investigate the challenges associated with analyzing massive and complex datasets in sports, as well as how those challenges may be or have been addressed. Lastly, the research will discuss future trends, including the integration of artificial intelligence, offering a forward-looking perspective on how big data will continue to shape the sports industry, and just how far it can go. 

16

Evaluating the Impact of Online and Traditional Learning on Student Satisfaction and Academic Success  

Presenter: Jordan Temple & Camron Ketchum   

Advisor: Zia Muhammad  

Field of Study: Computer Science and Education  

Abstract: Studies have shown that since COVID-19 there was a rapid shift in the use of online learning or E-Learning platforms in educational practices worldwide. These studies have shown various disadvantages and a few advantages to the worldwide use of online learning. The traditional classroom learning style holds its own advantages and disadvantages as well. When analyzing the two types of educational learning, studies found that online learning was an innovative move that allows for adaptability and flexibility for people to be able to learn and study from almost anywhere they are. Statistics also showed the lack of person-to-person engagement and the ability to properly communicate with your peers and instructors. Additionally, online learning requires us to have access to Wi-Fi and be disciplined in time management. Though adaptability and flexibility are convenient for most students to study when they are able, traditional classroom learning has advantages of being face-to-face and having easier access to peers and instructors when they need help or further explanation. Analysis has shown that student engagement with peers and instructors is critical in improving their overall performance. We see the effectiveness of online learning and the use of digital tools and student motivation, however, there is a lack of engagement with one another that traditional classroom learning has provided for us for generations to be able to communicate, ask questions, and improve overall performance in our academics. 

17

The Effects of AI in the Digital Design Workplace  

Presenter: Grace Todhunter  

Faculty Advisor: Zia Muhammad  

Field of Study: Digital Design/IT management   

Abstract: The poster will explain the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and how it is revolutionizing the digital design industry, reshaping workflows, creativity, and efficiency. This project explores the transformative effects of AI on design professionals, analyzing both its advantages and challenges. Additionally, AI facilitates data-driven design decisions, enhancing user experience and personalization. However, concerns arise regarding job displacement, originality, and ethical considerations as AI-generated content becomes more advanced. By examining real-world applications and industry trends, this research highlights how designers can leverage AI as a collaborative tool rather than a replacement. As AI continues to evolve, its role in the digital design workplace will demand a balance between automation and human creativity, shaping the future of the industry.  

18

The Relation between Self-Confidence and the Physiological Reactions of Esports Athletes in Competitive Gaming 

Presenter: Marc Gerald B. De Guia 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: Self-confidence questionnaires were administered to esports athletes before an official game and smart watch heart rate monitors were used to measure their heart rates after the game. It was predicted that the higher self-confidence an esports athlete has, the lower their heart rate will be after an official game (and vice versa). Participants were selected from a small, private, liberal arts college in the Midwest. A counter-intuitive positive correlation between self-confidence and heart rate approached marginal significance (p = .13) with higher levels of self-confidence predicting higher levels of heart rate.  

19

The Relationship Between the Number of Siblings One Has and Extraversion 

Presenter: Xandra Edwards 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: This study will be investigating the correlation between the number of siblings an individual has and their level of extraversion. It is hypothesized that individuals with more siblings will exhibit higher levels of extraversion due to increased social interaction during childhood and adolescence. Participants will consist of students from a small, private, liberal arts college in the Midwest. Participants will have completed a demographic questionnaire, including sibling count, and a personality assessment measuring extraversion. A correlational study will be conducted to analyze data. It is predicted that individuals with more siblings will have higher levels of extraversion.   

20

The Power of Positive Thinking in Attaining Athletic Goals 

Presenter: Malachi Franklin 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: When it comes to pursuing the highest levels of success and self-improvement, athletes are among the best examples who stand out. It is often questioned what the separating factors between good athletes and great ones are, but it can be narrowed down by two important characteristics. A survey was administered to a sample of collegiate athletes from a small, private, liberal arts college in the Midwest. The survey measured the characteristics of both optimism and self-efficacy and an athlete’s interpretation of goal attainment. It is predicted that if an athlete has high levels of both optimism and self-efficacy, then they will experience greater success in their personal athletic goals.  

21

Age and Sex in Relation to Altruistic Behavior 

Presenter: Leo Fremgen 

Advisor: Ben Kirkby 

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: This study is aimed at determining how age and gender are tied into levels of altruism. The sample is from undergraduate students here at UJ. It is predicted that older, female students will be the most altruistic out of the sample. 

22

Exploring the Interplay Between Attachment Patterns and Relationship Factors 

Presenter: Elizabeth Jankoviak 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: The effects of attachment patterns (secure, avoidant, and anxious) on romantic relationship factors (relationship satisfaction and number of romantic relationships) were examined in this study. A sample of n=103 undergraduate students (ages 18-26) from a small, private, liberal arts college in the Midwest completed surveys to identify attachment styles, the number of close relationships they have been in, and their relationship satisfaction of their current romantic relationship (or most recent romantic relationship if there were not currently in one). Results showed that secure and anxious attachment patterns were associated with higher relationship satisfaction and a greater number of romantic relationships. Securely attached individuals had more close friends, while anxious and avoidant attachment patterns were linked to fewer close friends.  

23

Influence of College Academic Success (GPA) on Personal Development/Achievement  

Presenter: Jennifer Johnson  

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby  

Field of Study: Psychology 

This study explores the interconnected relationships between student classroom engagement, self-efficacy, and academic performance. Participants were selected from a small, private, liberal arts college in the Midwest, ranging in academic year. Surveys were given to a group of students to assess their current levels of classroom engagement, self-efficacy, and academic performance.  It is expected that students with higher levels of classroom engagement and self-efficacy will have higher levels of academic performance. 

24

The Relationship between Time Spent Getting Ready and Empathy on Vanity Scores 

Presenter: Sofia LaBrozzi 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of study: Psychology 

Abstract: First impressions are essential to building relationships and to many other aspects of life. This study aims to test the relationship between the importance of their outward appearance (as measured by amount of time it takes them to get ready) and empathy and how those effect their judgments of others (vanity). The study was conducted on 88 students from a small, private college in the Midwest. It is predicted that the more time a person spends on their appearance as well as having low empathy will result in higher vanity scores (more harshly judge others). Results showed there was a significant main effect for time getting ready on vanity scores (the more time spent getting ready was related to high vanity scores (harsher judgements).  There was no main effect of empathy on vanity scores.  There was also no interaction between time spent getting ready and empathy on vanity scores.  

25

The Effects of Having a Pet on College Students’ Stress Levels   

Presenter: Rayanne Mutchler   

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby   

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: There is a growing body of research examining the possible benefits of interactions with animals for many different populations. This study focuses on whether college students’ stress levels will go down if they own and live with a pet or if owning a pet will increase their stress levels because having a pet adds additional tasks to take care of to an already busy lifestyle of a college student. A survey was conducted at a small private liberal arts university in the Midwest.   Both pet owners and non-pet owners were assessed to compare the difference in stress levels. Being that animals tend to have a positive impact on other populations, it is predicted that college student pet owners will have lower stress levels compared to college student non-pet owners.  

26

The Rhythmic Connection: Music’s Effect on Strengthening Memory Productivity 

Presenter: Hope Ransome 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of Study: Psychology  

Abstract: Working memory is an important cognitive process in which learning occurs. Common negative feelings with learning and studying include anxiety and stress, which are known to limit working memory. Music is known to have relaxing qualities in which negative emotions (such as anxiety and stress) are diminished. An independent measures study was conducted in which 62 undergraduate students were shown a list of words to memorize. The participants were split into two sections with one section having music played, and the other being in a silent environment. There was no significant difference found in memory productivity between the two environments. 

27

How Personality Difference Influences Relationship Satisfaction 

Presenter: Malina Reynolds  

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby  

Field of Study: Psychology  

Abstract: The current study examines how personality influences relationship satisfaction. Thirty-eight participants were recruited for the study. Participants completed a written survey assessing the Big Five personality traits followed by a relationship satisfaction survey. It was hypothesized that those in a relationship for over one year are more satisfied, while those in a relationship for one year or less are less satisfied in their relationship. Also, it was hypothesized that partners with similar personalities are more satisfied, while those with different personalities are less satisfied. It was concluded that the relationship between personality differences and relationship satisfaction was in the predicted direction, but it was not significant. A 2-Factor ANOVA revealed that the main effect for personality differences were marginally related to relationship satisfaction. The least similar personality group was marginally different from the moderately different personality group. This was somewhat counterintuitive from the hypothesis which predicted that the most similar personality would have the highest relationship satisfaction. The main effect for relationship length approached marginal significance in the predicted direction showing that the longer relationship group had higher relationship satisfaction. The interaction was not significant. 

28

Does Extraversion Influence One’s Preference for Learning Environment? 

Presenter:  Sonya Rodgers 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby  

Field of Study: Psychology  

Abstract: Online versus in-person learning is a recent debate looking at which learning environment is best for people and their success in academics. One thing that has not been examined is whether or not personality (extraversion) influences a preference for which learning environment is they find works best for them. A study was done to analyze the relationship between extraversion and preferred learning environment. It is predicted that extroverts will prefer in-person learning and introverts will prefer online learning.  The results show that extraversion is not related to preferred learning environment. 

29

Investigating the Effects of Parental Tolerance and Nationality on Students’ Impressions of Alcohol Consumption 

Presenter: Cerys Williams 

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby 

Field of Study: Psychology  

Abstract: Alcohol is an intoxicating substance that many young people frequently use, even when they are underage. Before and during university, students have impressions of alcohol due to their personal experience and what they have learned about it. Some fear the substance, while others happily engage in drinking with others. This study investigates the differences in attitudes towards alcohol, and whether where the students grew up also affects impressions. Additionally, parental tolerance towards alcohol can affect impressions. A questionnaire was given to fifty-one students attending a small, private, liberal arts college in the Midwest United States. Results showed significant correlations between parental tolerance and whether or not the student was international, and that international students were more comfortable in less controlled environments that had alcohol than American students.   

52

Procrastination in College Athletes and Non-Athletes  

Presenter: Josh Hoffman  

Advisor: Ben Kirkeby  

Field of Study: Psychology 

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine if athletes procrastinate more than non-athletes in college. Students from a small, private university in the Midwest were collected to complete a survey asking their levels of procrastination, mainly focusing on academics, and if they currently participate in athletics. It is predicted that athletes will procrastinate more than non-athletes. 

30

The Branch Davidians: Inevitable Catastrophe or Preventable Tragedy?  

Presenter: Kael Calder 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: The siege of the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas in 1993 is, to this day, one of the most controversial government operations. The Branch Davidians, a religious sect led by David Koresh, were suspected of stockpiling weapons by the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms. The ATF launched a raid, which led to shootings, and which was followed by a 51-day standoff. Eventually, the government launched CS gas into the compound and a fire started, consuming the lives of 76 people. In this paper I point out mistakes such as unnecessarily aggressive tactics, a lack of proper communication between branches of the government, and a general lack of understanding of the Branch Davidians’ beliefs. Prominent historians studying these events disagree on simple points of history, from who started the fire to what the motivations of the federal agencies actually were. I synthesize these perspectives and demonstrate how ultimately the question “who started the fire” is secondary when compared to the broader issue: the government’s failure to handle a high-stakes scenario that caused the deaths of more than 80 men, women, and children. 

31

Examining the Ku Klux Klan: Manipulating the Masses 

Presenter: Jager Gange 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: The Ku Klux Klan has at various times in history attempted to create facades concerning their racist crimes, and it has fooled thousands of people, including historians. One modern historian has even been convinced by these lies to believe that Black citizens of Bentonville Arkansas held the KKK in high regard. This presentation examines the manipulation the 1920s KKK employed in an attempt to gain members, followers, and supporters. I also show that violent acts the KKK has and continues to commit are most often hidden behind a curtain, causing the public to question history. 

32

Service and Honor: The Development of Airpower in the Vietnam War  

Presenter: Makenzie Gibson 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: In 1965, the United States entered a limited war fighting against the communist government of North Vietnam. In support of the South Vietnamese government, the U.S. mobilized troops to the region. This was the first significant conflict in which t0he U.S. Air Force had a major role as its own branch of service. With new aircraft, technologies, and personnel, they were able to conduct various bombing campaigns, like Operation Rolling Thunder and Operation Linebacker I and II, in an attempt to gain air superiority. Air force servicemen were especially interested in utilizing new technological advancement like F-4 Phantom fighter jet, which proved to be useful in the campaigns. The servicemen’s views and interest in this new era of the military shaped the future of the Air Force beyond the Vietnam War itself. Examining oral histories of Air Force veterans from Vietnam shows that these men simply wanted to do their jobs and fly airplanes. This commitment to flying and defending the Air Force created memories of the war shaped by pride, duty, and honor. 

33

“Strategy of Shock” or “Symbol of Power”? Interpreting the effects of Hiroshima  

Presenter: Cullen Glatt 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima, Japan, experienced an epochal change in warfare with the deployment of the atomic bomb. This controversial use raises questions about whether the use of nuclear weapons was a military necessity or an avoidable act with serious consequences. My research examines both perspectives through primary and secondary sources, including statements from President Truman, Japanese officials, and historians. Supporters, such as President Truman and his cabinet, claim the bomb hastened the war's end, reducing American casualties. Critics, including many later historians, argue that Japan was nearing defeat and that alternative options might have saved civilian lives. By utilizing evidence from these scholars, I aim to provide a balanced view of the decision-making process and its enduring effects. The atomic bombing of Hiroshima was an unnecessary act, and diplomatic or conventional military strategies could have concluded the war without mass civilian casualties. 

34

Hiram Maxim’s Masculinity: Tensions over the Role of Strength in the Machine Gun Era 

Presenter: August Hangsleben 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: This project looks at Hiram Maxim’s invention of the Maxim gun in 1884 and how it changed ideas about masculinity. The Maxim was the first fully automatic machine gun, and it played a major role in warfare until World War II. By looking at Maxim’s own writings, I explore how he thought about masculinity, violence, strength, and new technology, comparing his ideas to what scholars have argued about the ways the Maxim gun changed Western perceptions of masculinity. Historians have argued that killing from a distance challenged ideas of bravery, strength, and what it meant to be a soldier. Biographers of Hiram Maxim have suggested that Maxim himself cared more about technology, advancement, and intellect. But my reading of his autobiography suggests that he cared about strength and self-sufficiency in addition to being known as a brilliant inventor. Whatever the challenge to masculinity from the Maxim gun, Hiram Maxim himself still saw bravery and strength as part of being a man.  

35

From Hate to Terror: Rethinking the Legal Precedents for White Supremacist Violence After Charleston and Pittsburgh  

Presenter: Alexander Jarosh 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: White supremacy is a foundational driver of many hate crimes, operating through systemic hierarchies which aim to enforce a race-based social order. This mechanism has been used to legitimize violence against marginalized groups, extending to race, ethnicity, religion and beyond. The concept of “spaces and times of hate” highlights how certain environments become breeding grounds for hate-fueled violence, especially during periods of political upheaval or perceived threats that amplify extremist ideologies. This project illuminates how violent white supremacy is rooted in hate as well as biological interpretations, examining the Charleston church shooting in 2015 and the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting in 2018, and considers whether they should be seen and punished as terrorism, hate crimes, or both. While both acts of domestic terror and hate crimes are typically targeted acts of violence, motivated by ideology, the intentions are often different. Hate crimes are reactionary, aimed to reinforce social divisions, motivated by biases against race, religion, ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. Terrorism seeks a broader ideological or political change, through greater large-scale violence intended to instill fear beyond the immediate victims. Prosecutors have often been hesitant to classify certain white supremacist acts as terrorism. I argue that in specific cases prosecutors should pursue domestic terrorism charges for some of the violent crimes perpetrated by white supremacists, including cases like the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting and the Charleston church shooting. I also examine comparisons to recent cases that have included terrorism charges, such as those brought against the Cop City protestors in Atlanta.  

36

Rise of Sioux Dominance: Disease, Horses, and Guns in the 1700s and 1800s 

Presenter: Hunter Rossland  

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: In this project I focus on the dominance of the Lakota part of the Sioux nation when they arrived on the plains from Minnesota. I draw on a variety of sources, but particularly the Corps of Discovery journals of the Lewis and Clark expedition, to explore how they built and maintained dominance on the plains. I demonstrate that the horse is an especially important part of this power, both enabling success in trade and war and the ability to avoid the worst damages of epidemic disease. Without horses, Lakota people would have been less able to gain so much power in the fur trade. The Lewis and Clark expedition unknowingly witnessed the power and opportunity horses allowed the Lakota to develop.   

37

“We Have No Secrets”: A Look at the Effects of Regulations on Patent Medicine Advertising in the Early 20th Century  

Presenter: Levi Weigum 

Advisor: Dr. Marc Carpenter 

Field of Study: History 

Abstract: My research project examines the history of patent medicine from the late 1800s to the early 1900s in the midwestern areas of the United States, focusing on Wisconsin, North Dakota, and Montana. The fights to regulate and professionalize medicine practices were in part a response to patent medicines and their dangers. I focus on how patent medicine advertising in the Jamestown Sun changed from the makers of patent medicines presenting themselves as doctors and experts to more of a focus on the medicine itself and its ingredients. I argue this change in advertising was in part a response to regulations in North Dakota, other local states, and nation as a whole due to the 1906 Food and Drug Act and similar state-level measures.  

38

A Study on the Impact of Agriculture on Soil Health and Minimizing the Degradation of Soils 

Presenters: Jordan Baranesky, Gavin Blomdahl, Sydney Dawson, and Nia Hanson

Advisor:  Dr. Katrina Christiansen  

Field of Study: Sustainable Engineering 

Monoculture farming, the repeated cultivation of a single crop, poses significant environmental challenges including soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and increased pollution runoff. These effects threaten long-term soil health, agricultural productivity, and water quality—especially in areas like Ramsey County, North Dakota, where monoculture practices are prevalent. The goal of this project is to identify and evaluate sustainable strategies that mitigate the negative impacts of monoculture farming. Our research explores four potential solutions: the use of grassy buffer strips to reduce runoff and filter pollutants, implementation of crop rotation to restore soil fertility, improved soil organic matter (SOM) management to enhance soil structure and resilience, and the incorporation of agroforestry practices such as wooded buffer strips to stabilize the land and reduce wind erosion. By comparing these approaches, we aim to highlight practical, scalable methods for promoting sustainable agriculture and protecting natural resources in monoculture-dominated places. 

39

Minnesota Groundwater Contamination Prevention 

Presenters: Madeline DeMars, Rylee Gee, Madison Knudson, Samuel Reiland, & Caleb Schneider  

Advisor:  Dr. Katrina Christiansen  

Field of Study: Sustainable Engineering  

Nitrate is the number one contaminant in Minnesota’s groundwater. While it is the biggest contaminant, it is also very difficult to trace back to its source. The solutions to this problem that were researched are fluidized bed reactors, relocation of wells, reverse osmosis, education, and grazing paddocks. While some solutions aim to prevent nitrate contamination others aim to eradicate the nitrate from the groundwater completely. A combination of these solutions will be most effective and a life cycle analysis will be performed to find the best solution as well as the best combination to find a well-rounded solution to the groundwater contamination that not only prevents nitrate contamination but also removes it.  

40

Gondola Landing Gear Project 

Presenters: John Grann, Luke Sieben, Bonnie Thompson   

Advisor: Dr. Matthew Fig   

Field of Study: Mechanical Engineering  

Abstract: Stratospheric balloon systems incorporate essential elements such as the main payload, parachute, and recovery system. At the end of the mission, the balloon is intentionally inflated, and a parachute deploys to regulate the falling speed of the system as it returns to earth’s surface. The proposed solution to reusability of a landing gear system involves four piston legs, a material cartridge that gets crushed on impact, absorbing the energy of the landing. This system is designed to meet multiple operational requirements including vertical collision cushioning, landing orientation stability to prevent payload tip, and energy dissipation to eliminate bounce effects. Various energy dissipating materials have been analytically analyzed for the potential of being the “cartridge” for the landing leg system. The proposed solution allows for reusability of the system and aims to achieve both operational reliability and economic sustainability though the reusable components. 

41

Redesign of the North Broadway Bridge, Fargo ND  

Presenters: Zane MacDonald, Reid Wilson, & Parker Chaffee  

Advisor: Dr. Jonathan Lasco  

Field of Study: Hydraulic Engineering/Bridge Design  

Abstract: This project aims to provide students with a better understanding of project management, engineering processes, and project reporting. The goal was to identify and analyze the faults of the current North Broadway Bridge in Fargo, ND and redesign a bridge elevation that would withstand and avoid the effects of a 100-year flood event. In conducting a proper hydraulic analysis of the location, the flood analysis system HEC-RAS was used to model the water depth in the river corresponding to the 100-year flow of the Red River. This 100-year flow was obtained using two methods for comparison. The first method utilizes hydrologic frequency analysis using a Log Pearson Type III distribution fit of historical flow gage data from the United States Geological Survey. The second method uses the Natural Resources Conservation Service Curve Number method. In this method, a dimensionless parameter called the curve number was computed based on the watershed land use characteristics and an area averaged 100-year precipitation was obtained from the depth-duration-frequency curves of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Atlas 14. The 100-year precipitation and the curve number was then used to compute for the corresponding 100-year flow. Additionally, a precast concrete barrier was designed to bolster the safety of daily commuters traveling on the bridge during extreme precipitation events.   

42

Temperature Device Project  

Presenters: Conner Fortier, Koven Walford, and Kayla Quintanilla  

Advisor: Dr. Charles Keesee  

Field of Study: Mechanical Engineering  

Abstract: The design challenge presented to the design team involved gathering accurate temperature measurements of the ambient air with the presence of radiation, as accurate measurements would lead to better performance flight.  Our solution integrated a thermocouple encased in an acrylic tube that is wrapped in reflective tape. This design will minimize the effect of the radiation by reflecting the heat away from the temperature probe. Additionally, a fan is connected to one end of the acrylic tube to draw air over the temperature probe to ensure that the probe receives adequate airflow for accurate readings at high altitudes and decrease effects of radiation. This approach should effectively negate radiation effects providing accurate temperature readings at high altitudes.  

43

Tijuana River Clean Up  

Presenters: Brayden Gerhardt, Landon Fichter, Austin Wickens  

Advisor: Dr. Katrina Christiansen  

Field of Study: Sustainable Engineering   

Abstract: The Tijuana River is heavily polluted with pesticides, chemicals, metals, oils, and human waste. The pollution in the Tijuana River can be dangerous to people and wildlife. Pollution is heavily affecting the local economy and ecosystem in and around the Tijuana River. Insufficient and aging wastewater treatment infrastructure along with mismanagement of resources and seasonal flooding have all contributed to the Tijuana River system being overwhelmed with pollutants. Our goal is to reduce the amount of heavily polluted water by identifying the main focal points of where the source of pollution comes from to the Pacific Ocean and by treating wastewater to meet Clean Water Standards. The International Water Boundary Commission (IBWC) would need to approve efforts to solutions to prevent pollutants from entering the river. 

44

Wildfire Prevention and Firefighting Solutions around Los Angeles, CA

Presenters: Chase Burke, Kylie Yanzuk, and Will Bachman  

Advisor:  Dr. Katrina Christiansen  

Field of Study: Sustainable Engineering 

California has faced increasing challenges in combating wildfires, despite maintaining one of the largest aerial firefighting fleets in the world. The largest issues that occurred during the recent wildfires and being able to fight them in the air, were the weather, drones flying unauthorized in the area, and not having a large enough budget. However, despite these limitations, three plans are introduced to take better advantage of California’s aerial firefighting. The first discusses the use of water, and how water dropped out of these aircraft is not done to its full potential. Experimentation needs to be done to find the best ratio of drop height to total coverage and thickness. The second talks about how California purchases retrofitted aircraft rather than purchasing new aircraft that are made for fighting wildfires. Retrofitted aircraft are less effective than planes that are built specifically for fighting wildfires. However, these new planes are better suited to fighting these wildfires and they have better technology. The third talks about incorporating night vision to extend aerial firefighting to nighttime operations. The technology has been used in Australia and has been proven to be effective. However, budget spent towards fighting these wildfires limits the implantation of these proposed solutions for improvements. 

45

Protecting the Threatened Population of Arctic Grayling in Montana  

Presenters: Degan Linne, Issac Spiegl, Brad Fortin, Trysten Buchfinck  

Advisor: Katrina Christiansen   

Field of Study: Sustainable Engineering   

Abstract: The Arctic Grayling population in Montana is struggling due habitat loss and degradation in the Big Hole River. Our proposal to save the species is to employ a combination of strategies. First, we must restore riparian vegetation with native plants to  provide shade to keep the river water temperature below 20°C. Regulating water temperature will help reduce heat stress and make it easier for Arctic Grayling to reproduce. Second, we must improve the performance of irrigation head gates and fish screens to reduce grayling mortality in water diversion systems. Third, we must develop and install rainwater harvesting systems to help control water levels during dry seasons to improve spawning and young fish survival rates. Finally, we must reduce competition with invasive species for resources and to act as prey on Arctic Grayling. Our final recommendation is to remove these harmful species from the Big Hole River. This plan combines habitat restoration, improved water management, and invasive species control to create a more stable environment for Arctic Grayling in the Big Hole River.  

46

Avian Influenza in Waterfowl Birds: A Disease That Can Wipe Out Populations 

Presenter: Grant Chapman  

Advisor: Dr. Kit Schnaars Uvino 

Field of Study: Environmental Science 

Abstract: Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, poses a significant threat to poultry and human health worldwide. Migratory waterfowl, particularly ducks, geese, and swans, are natural reservoirs and vectors for various strains of avian influenza viruses. These birds play a crucial role in the transmission and spread of the virus across continents through their migratory routes. Understanding the dynamics of avian influenza in migratory waterfowl is essential for effective surveillance, prevention, and control strategies. This abstract provides an overview of avian influenza in migratory waterfowl, including the ecology of the virus in these birds, factors influencing transmission dynamics, the potential for interspecies transmission to poultry and humans, and implications for global health and poultry industries. Additionally, it highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research and international collaboration in monitoring and mitigating the risks associated with avian influenza in migratory waterfowl. 

47

Phytodesalination: Halophytes and High Saline Soil 

Presenters: Eric Evans and Ariel Wolbeck 

Advisor: Dr. Kit Schnaars Uvino 

Field of Study: Environmental Science 

Abstract: High soil salinity deters plant growth by displacing other nutrients in the soil, decreasing the ability of the root systems to uptake water, and interfering with photosynthesis and chlorophyll production. Anthropogenic activities, such as poor irrigation and fertilization practices, are increasing soil salinity along with naturally occurring physical and chemical weathering and changing weather patterns. It is estimated that 50% of arable land will be negatively affected by high salinity by 2050. The high salt content in soil decreases biodiversity of native lands as well as decreasing agricultural productivity. Currently several techniques to remove salt meet with varying success. One of these techniques is phytodesalination, which is the use of halophytes to remove the salts from the soil, has been shown to be effective, environmentally friendly, and cost efficient. Halophytes accumulate salts from the surrounding soil in their tissues. Many native species of halophytes are found in the northern prairies. This proposal looks at the effectiveness of 4 common species found in the northern prairies: Weeping Alkalinegrass (Puccinellia distans), Western Wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii), Garrison Creeping Foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus), and Barley (Hordeum vulgare). 

48

Ecological Benefits with the Use of Prairie Strips  

Presenter: Tallon Klatt 

Advisor: Dr. Kit Schnaars Uvino 

Field of Study: Environmental Science 

Abstract: Waterways across the United States have seen cyanobacteria, blue-green algae, or algal blooms taking over lakes, streams and rivers. Tests conducted by various universities found the cyanobacteria feed off nitrogen and phosphorus in the water systems. These nutrients are from fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural practices. This bacterium disrupts aquatic ecosystems and harms terrestrial ecosystems. Modern agricultural practices use row-crops, which are cheaper and more efficient. In the United States there are 19.3 million acres using row-crop practices in corn, soybeans, wheat, sorghum, cotton, rice, oats, and barley. These crops use fertilizers for the greatest growth and highest yield. Researchers studied prairie strips and benefits they have to waterways and soil health. These prairie strips have been seen to make a positive impact with only having 10% of a field in the STRIPS program. Other universities have been studying prairie strips looking from a different angle, such as biodiversity of plants that can be used; what other effects it has on soil and nutrient runoff, and insect biodiversity.  The focal insects were pollinators and those used in natural biocontrol. In North Dakota along the James River, water samples were taken in 2023 from different sections of the river and at different times.  Results were compared with EPA drinking water regulations and found that the nitrogen levels were 22% higher than the standard. While this is concerning, the prairie strips can make a positive impact on ecological concerns in the waterways and surrounding ecosystems. 

49

Annual Trends of Insect Biodiversity in Jamestown, North Dakota 

Presenters: Ella Darrow, Jessica Neidviecky, and Bonnie Thompson 

Advisor: Dr. Kit Schnaars Uvino 

Field of Study: Environmental Science 

Abstract: Twice a week for 12 weeks, sticky traps were deployed around Jamestown, North Dakota. There were 3 locations where the sticky traps were placed: along a riverbank, next to a retired chemical dumping ground, and along the buffalo pasture at the National Buffalo Museum. The aim of this research is to track annual population trends of the insects in Jamestown, North Dakota and compare them to previous years that this research has taken place. 2024 was a particularly abundant year for insects in Jamestown compared to previous annual data. The goal for this research is to find a conclusive reason for the abundance of insects this year. 

50

Will Mining Nickel Put America in a Pickle?  

Presenter: Nathaniel Scollard 

Advisor: Dr. Kit Schnaars Uvino 

Field of Study: Environmental Science 

Abstract: As the push for Electric Vehicles advances, so does the need for materials used in production. Nickel Sulfide is a valuable Sulfide-ore that’s utilized for the cathodes/anodes of Lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. Currently, the United States does not have a local source of high-grade Nickel Sulfide, it is imported internationally. In Central Minnesota, a start-up mining company found one of the world’s densest deposits of Nickel Sulfide reaching up to an average of 8.00% in core samples. However, the location is causation of controversary. The ore deposit sits within a Northern Spruce Bog around 20 miles away from the Mississippi River. If contamination occurs within the water table, it could leach into surrounding environments and cause sequential damage to the bog and Mississippi River system. The mining company, Talon Metals, released an Environmental Assessment Worksheet (EAW) in October 2023 detailing the project scope regarding environmental concern. The EAW covers topics ranging from biomes and wildlife within the project area to water treatment for any contaminated water. Since the EAW outlines their methods for approaching the project, a comparison can be made between their project methods and other mining methods from around the world. The success and failures of similar projects can help with analyzing the potential impacts this mine may have. Given the concerning location of the ore deposit, a detailed examination is needed to prevent any damage to the local and national environment. 

51

Birds vs Planes: Avoiding disasters at the airport  

Presenter: Isabel Vaca 

Advisor: Dr. Kit Schnaars Uvino 

Field of Study: Environmental Science 

Abstract: Bird strikes present a real and dangerous effect at airports worldwide. Airports discharge various methods to manage these populations and reduce risks and dangers to airports and birds. This study focuses on raptor populations as they are drawn to aviation fields due to their suitability as a hunting habitat. High perches are available, along with abundant food sources.  The proximity of raptors and planes leads to safety concerns for both. I examine multiple airports through published data and personal communication. This research evaluates the methods employed to relocate birds of prey, with a focus on cost-effectiveness and positive environmental impact. This study aims to identify the most efficient and ecologically responsible methods for long-term success in raptor management, while balancing the needs of aviation safety for humans and wildlife. While examining multiple airports, the research evaluates different methods of relocating birds of prey with a focus on cost-effectiveness and positive environmental impact from the preferred method(s). Using prior research and data collection, the study aims to identify the most efficient and ecologically responsible methods for long-term raptor management, with balancing the needs of aviation safety for humans with wildlife conservation in mind.